In previous articles, we have introduced the principles, structure, and classification of new energy vehicle suspension systems. This article will provide an in-depth analysis of several classic suspension structures—MacPherson, torsion beam, double wishbone, and multi-link suspensions. Using the latest 2025 vehicle models as examples, we will help you clearly distinguish the structural characteristics and application scenarios of these four suspension types.
01 MacPherson Suspension
Structural Composition
The MacPherson suspension consists of an A-shaped control arm and a shock absorber strut. The upper part of the wheel is connected to the vehicle body through the shock absorber strut, while the lower part is connected to the body through the A-shaped control arm. The upper shock absorber strut, which integrates the spring and shock absorber, is not only responsible for supporting the vehicle body and damping but also bears the lateral force at the upper end of the wheel. The lower A-arm bears the lateral and longitudinal forces at the lower end of the wheel.
Diagram of MacPherson suspension system
MacPherson suspension installed in a vehicle
Core Characteristics
Compact Design
Space-saving structure ideal for engine compartment layout
Cost-Effective
Lower manufacturing costs and easier maintenance
Responsive Performance
Quick response to road surface changes
2025 Application Scenarios
Primarily used in compact cars and some mid-size vehicles, preferred for cost-effective models.
Latest Representative Models
02 Torsion Beam Suspension
Structural Composition
The torsion beam suspension, also known as the torsion beam non-independent suspension, connects the left and right wheels through a torsion beam. When one wheel encounters an uneven road surface, the sturdy "torsion beam" exerts some influence on the other wheel, but the degree of influence is much lower than with a rigid axle connection.
Torsion beam suspension system overview
Core Characteristics
Simple & Durable
Fewer components and robust construction
Cost-Effective
High impact resistance with excellent cost efficiency
Space Efficient
Minimal rear seat space usage, enhancing interior space
2025 Application Scenarios
Preferred solution for small new energy vehicles and some micro electric vehicles.
Latest Representative Models
03 Double Wishbone Suspension
Structural Composition
The double wishbone suspension, also known as the double A-arm suspension, can be found in most SUV models. Its lower structure is the same as the MacPherson suspension, both using A-shaped control arms, while the upper part of the wheel is also connected to the vehicle body through an A-arm. The shock absorber spring and damper are generally connected to the lower A-arm.
Double wishbone suspension schematic
Double wishbone suspension in a performance vehicle
Core Characteristics
Superior Strength
Strength and impact resistance far exceed MacPherson suspension
Excellent Stability
Outstanding anti-roll and brake dive suppression capabilities
Optimal Contact
High tire-to-ground contact, providing strong grip and support
2025 Application Scenarios
High-performance sports sedans, luxury models, and some premium SUVs.
Latest Representative Models
04 Multi-link Suspension
Structural Composition
Suspensions with 4 or more links are typically referred to as multi-link suspensions. This is a more complex form where the movement of the wheel is independently controlled by multiple links, allowing for more flexible geometric adjustments.
Structural Elements: Links, shock absorbers, and damping springs
Multi-link suspension system components
Multi-link suspension in a luxury vehicle
Core Characteristics
Exceptional Handling
Superior handling performance with excellent comfort
Independent Movement
Wheels can move independently without interference
Enhanced Stability
Better grip and stability during high-speed cornering and complex road conditions
2025 Application Scenarios
Mid-to-high-end sedans and SUVs, some performance models.
Latest Representative Models
2025 Suspension Technology Development Trends
According to the latest industry analysis, new energy vehicle suspension systems are developing towards intelligence and adaptability. Among the new high-end models launched in 2025, over 35% are equipped with electromagnetic suspension systems that can adjust damping in real-time, an increase of 12 percentage points compared to 2023.
Future trends include:
- Increased adoption of air suspension systems in mid-range vehicles
- Integration of AI-based predictive suspension control
- Development of suspension systems optimized for autonomous driving
- Lightweight materials to improve efficiency without compromising performance
Conclusion
Through the detailed analysis in this article, we believe you have gained a deeper understanding of these suspension structures. Each suspension type has its unique advantages and suitable application scenarios. Which one is more comfortable largely depends on your driving needs and road conditions.
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